Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900
Biographical note
Nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist. He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science, using a distinctive German language style and displaying a fondness for metaphor and aphorism. Nietzsche's influence remains substantial within and beyond philosophy, notably in existentialism and postmodernism. His style and radical questioning of the value and objectivity of truth raise considerable problems of interpretation, generating an extensive secondary literature in both continental and analytic philosophy. Nevertheless, some of his key ideas include interpreting tragedy as an affirmation of life, an eternal recurrence (which numerous commentators have re-interpreted), a rejection of Platonism, and a repudiation of both Christianity (especially 19th-century) and Egalitarianism (especially in the form of Democracy and Socialism).
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Works
- The Birth of Tragedy [1872]
- On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense [1873]
- Untimely Meditations [1876]
- Human, All Too Human [1878; additions in 1879, 1880]
- Daybreak [1881]
- The Gay Science [1882]
- Thus Spoke Zarathustra [1883–1885] [ read | download ]
- Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Future Philosophy [1886] [ read | print | download ]
- On the Genealogy of Morality [1887]
- The Case of Wagner [1888]
- Twilight of the Idols [1888] [ external ]
- The Antichrist [1888]
- Ecce Homo [1888]
- Nietzsche contra Wagner [1888]
- The Will to Power
