The Age of Uncertainty, 1859-
The publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859 changed everything. Man's place in the Universe was no longer clear, and the progress of Science in all areas undermined the old certainties. At the same time, the American Civil War and, later, the Boer war and First World War in Europe shattered any sense of moral superiority. From the end of the reign of Queen Victoria, a new style of literature emerged, more questioning of society.
England.
- William Henry Hudson, 1841-1922
- Green Mansions.
- Bram Stoker, 1847-1912
- Dracula.
- Richard Jefferies, 1848-1887
- After London.
- Oscar Wilde, 1854-1900
- Plays; The Picture of Dorian Gray; The Artist as Critic; Letters.
- Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928
- The Well-Beloved; The Woodlanders; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge; Far From the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D'Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure; Collected Poems.
- Olive Schreiner, 1855-1920
- Henry Rider Haggard, 1856-1925
- George Bernard Shaw, 1856-1950
- Major Critical Essays; Heartbreak House; Pygmalion; Saint Joan; Major Barbara; Back to Methuselah.
- Joseph Conrad, 1857-1924
- Lord Jim; The Secret Agent; Nostromo; Under Western Eyes; Victory.
- George Gissing, 1857-1903
- New Grub Street.
- Edith Nesbit, 1858-1924
- A. E. Housman, 1859-1936
- A Shropshire Lad;
- Jerome K. Jerome, 1859-1927
- Three men in a boat.
- M. R. James, 1862-1936
- Ghost stories.
- W. W. Jacobs, 1863-1943
- The Monkey's Paw; The Toll House.
- Rudyard Kipling, 1865-1936
- Kim;
- William Butler Yeats, 1865-1939
- Collected Poems;
- John Galsworthy, 1867-1933
- The Forsyth Saga.
- E. M. Forster, 1879-1970
- Howard's End; A Passage to India.
- H. G. Wells, 1866-1946
- The Science Fiction Novels.
- Saki, 1870-1916
- The Short Stories.
- Aubrey Beardsley, 1872-1898
- Ford Madox Ford, 1873-1939
- Parade's End; The Good Soldier.
- G. K. Chesterton, 1874-1936
- Collected Poems; The Man Who Was Thursday.
- John Buchan, 1875-1940
- The Thirty-Nine Steps.
- David Lindsay, 1876-1945
- A Voyage to Arcturus.
- James Joyce, 1882-1941
- Dubliners; A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses; Finnegan's Wake;
- Virginia Woolf, 1882-1941
- Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse; Orlando: A Biography; The Waves; Between the Acts.;
- D. H. Lawrence, 1885-1930
- Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love.;
- Edna St. Vincent Millay, 1892-1950
- Poems.
- George Orwell, 1903-1950
- Animal Farm; Collected Essays; Nineteen eighty-four;
Australia and New Zealand.
- Henry Handel Richardson, 1870-1946
- The Getting of Wisdom; The Fortunes of Richard Mahony.
- Katherine Mansfield, 1888-1923
- Short stories.;
America.
- Henry James, 1843-1916
- The Portrait of a Lady; The Bostonians; The Princess Casamassima; The Awkward Age; Short Novels and Tales; The Ambassadors; The Wings of the Dove; The Golden Bowl.
- Charlotte Perkins Gilman, 1860-1935
- Herland.
- Edith Wharton, 1862-1937
- Collected Short Stories; The Age of Innocence; Ethan Frome; The House of Mirth; The Custom of the Country.
- Willa Cather, 1873-1947
- My Antonia; The Professor's House; A Lost Lady.
- Sinclair Lewis, 1885-1951
- Babbit; Dodsworth; Elmer Gantry; It Can't Happen Here;
- Eugene O'Neill, 1888-1953
- Lazarus Laughed; The Iceman Cometh; Long Day's Journey into Night.;
- F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1896-1940
- Babylon Revisited and Other Stories; The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night.;
France.
- Anatole France, 1844-1924
- Penguin Island; Thaïs.
- Marcel Proust, 1871-1922
- Remembrance of Things Past (In Search of Lost Time).
- Albert Camus, 1913-1960
- The Stranger; The Plague; The Fall; The Rebel;
Scandinavia.
- Henrik Ibsen, 1828-1906
- Brand; Peer Gynt; Emperor and Galilean; Hedda Gabler; The Master Builder; The Lady from the Sea; When We Dead Awaken.
- Knut Hamsun, 1859-1952
- Hunger; Pan.
Russia.
- Anton Chekhov, 1860-1904
- The Tales; The Major Plays.
- Maksim Gorky, 1868-1936
- Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreev; Autobiography.
Europe.
- Karel Čapek, 1890-1938
- R.U.R.; The War with the Newts
