Line and Form, by Walter Crane

List of Illustrations

The Origin of Outline

Silhouettes

Coast and Mountain Lines—Gulf of Nauplia

Proportions of Roman Capital Letters and of lower-case German text. From Dürer's "Geometrica

The Progressive Method of Drawing in Line

The Calligraphic Method

The Tentative Method

The Oval and Rectangular Methods

Lines of Characterization in the Form and Feature of Flowers: Lily and Poppy

Silhouette of Beech Leaves and Line Rendering of the same

Lines of Movement

Effect of Wind upon Trees

Line Arrangement in ribbed Sea-sand

Lines of different Textures, Structures, and Services

Lines of Exaltation and Rejoicing in Unison. The Morning Stars, after William Blake

Lines of Grief and Dejection: Designs from Flaxman's Homer

Landscape

Scale of various Degrees of Linear Weight and Emphasis

Curvilinear Scale of Direction

Rectangular Scale of Direction

Picture Writing

Olive Branch, from Nature

Olive Branch, simplified in Decorative Treatment

Study of Horned Poppy

Adaptation of Horned Poppy in Design: Vertical Panel for Needlework

Question and Answer in Line

Diagram showing the Use of a Geometric Basis in Designing a Repeating Pattern

Use of Controlling Boundaries in Designing Sprays

Method of Testing a Repeating Pattern

Sketch to show how a Pattern of Diverse Elements may be harmonized by Unity of Inclosing and Intermediary Lines

The Principle of Counterbalance in different Systems of Design

Border Units and Border Motive

Recurring Line and Form in Border Motives

Radiating Principle of Line in Natural Form

Radiating Lines of the Pectoral Muscles and Ribs

Vaulting of Chapter House, Westminster

Lines of Characterization of Feathers and Shells

Pen Drawing of Fruit

Effect of different Emphasis in Treatment of the same Designs

Effect of different Emphasis in the Drawing of Landscape

Example of Page Treatment to show Ornamental Relation between Text and Pictures

Suggestion for a Carpet Pattern and Abstract Treatment of the same on Point Paper as detail of Brussels Carpet

Brush Forms

Direct Brush Expression of Animal Form

Japanese Drawing of a Bird. From "The Hundred Birds of Bari"

Elementary Geometrical Forms

Use of the same Forms in Architecture

Poppy-heads

Apple cut to show Position of Seeds

Cube and Sphere in Architectural Ornament

Filling of Square Space

Filling of Circular Space

Inlay Design: Pattern Units and Motives

Grouping of Allied Forms: Composition of Curves

Grouping of Allied Forms: Composition of Angles

Still-life Group illustrative of Wood-engraving

Japanese Diagonal Pattern

Treatment of Fruit and Leaf Forms: Corresponding Curvature

Correspondence in General Contour between Leaf and Tree

Some Analogies in Form

Tree of Typical Pattern Forms, Units and Systems

Sketches to show Use of Counterbalance, Quantity, and Equivalents in Designing

Quantities and Counterchange of Border and Field in Carpet Motives

Sketches to illustrate Value of different Quantities in Persian Rugs

Recurrence and Contrast in Border Motives

Use of inclosing Boundaries in Designing Animal Forms in Decorative Pattern

Decorative Spacing of Figures within Geometric Boundaries

Simple Linear Motives and Pattern Bases

Use of Intervals in Repeating the same Ornamental Units

Designs of Floral, Human, and Animal Forms, governed by Shape of inclosing Boundary

The Parthenon: Sketch to show Spaces used for Decorative Sculpture in Greek Architecture

The Tower of the Winds, Athens

Sketch of part of the Arch of Constantine to show spaces for Decorative Sculpture in Roman Architecture

Byzantine (Mosaic) Treatment of Architectural Structural Features: Apse, S. Vitale, Ravenna

Detail of Canopy of Tomb of Gervaise-Alard, Winchelsea

Walberswick Church: West Door

Miserere in St. David's Cathedral

Recessed Panel from the Tomb of Bishop John Morgan, St. David's Cathedral

Corbel from Bishop Vaughan's Chapel, St. David's Cathedral

Gothic Tile Pattern, St. David's Cathedral

Surface Pattern Motives derived from Lines of Structure

Repeating Patterns built upon Square and Circular Bases

Plan of a Drop Repeat

Sketch Designs to show Relation between Frieze and Field in Wall-paper

Principles of Structural and Ornamental Line in Natural Forms

Radiating, Recurring and Counterbalancing Lines in the Structure of the Skeleton and the Muscles

General Principles of Line and Form in the Branching and Foliage Masses of Trees

Principles of Structure in Foliage Masses

Albert Dürer: Detail from "The Prodigal Son"

Albert Dürer: St. Anthony

Roof-lines: Rothenburg

St. Margaret Street, Canterbury

Figure Designs controlled by Geometric Boundaries

Expression of Storm and Calm in Landscape

Expression of Repose and Action

Controlling Lines of Movement: Movement in a Procession

Lines left by a Watercourse—Lines governing fallen Débris from a Quarry

Relief of Form, (1) by Outline, (2) by Contrast, (3) by Light and Shade

Relief of Form and Line in Pattern Design by means of Contrast and the Use of Planes

Treatment of Mantling (14th-16th centuries)

Brass of Martin de Visch, Bruges, 1452

Relief in Pattern Design by means of Simple Linear Contrasts

Relief by adding Shading Lines to Outline

Relief by Diagonal Shading

Different Method and different Emphasis in Relieving Form by Shading Lines

Albert Dürer's Principle in the Treatment of Drapery: From the Woodcut in the "Life of the Virgin" Series

Albert Dürer: Pen-drawing

Filippino Lippi: Study of Drapery

Raphael: Studies of Drapery

Relief by means of Light and Shade alone, in Pen-drawing without Outline

Relief by means of White Line on a Dark Ground and vice versâ

Relief in Architectural Mouldings

Roman Treatment of Corinthian Order, Forum of Nerva, Rome

Egyptian Relief Sculpture: Thebes

Greek Relief: Eleusis

Egyptian Relief: Denderah

Chartres Cathedral: Carving on West Front

Chartres Cathedral: Tympanum of Central Door of West Front

Medals of the Lords of Mantua, Cesena, and Ferrara, by Vittore Pisano

Treatment of Draped Figure in Black on White Ground and vice versâ

Treatment of the same Figure in Light and Shade

The Graphic Principle of the Expression of Form by Light and Shade; with and without Outline

Linear Expression of Features, Feathers and Fur: Notes from Nature

Sketches to illustrate the Graphic and the Decorative Treatment of Draped Figures

Decorative Treatment of Birds

Floral Designs upon Typical Inclosing Shapes of Indian and Persian Ornament

Dancing Figure with the Governing Lines of the Movement

Lines of Floral Growth and Structure: Lily and Rose

Coast-lines, Gulf of Nauplia

Lines of Movement in Water, Shallow Stream over Sand

Giotto: Chastity (Lower Church, Assisi)

Pinturicchio: Mural Painting (Piccolomini Chapel, Siena)

Diagram showing the Principal Fundamental Plans or Systems of Line governing Mural Spacing and Decorative Distribution

Diagram to show how the apparent Depth of a Space is increased by the Use of Vertical Lines, and its apparent Width by the Use of Horizontal Lines

Decorative Spacing of the Wall: Sketches (to half-inch scale) to show different Treatment and Proportions

Figure of Laura, from the Burgundian Tapestries: The Triumphs of Petrarch, in the South Kensington Museum

Pinturicchio: Fresco in the Appartimenti Borgia

Portion of Detail of the Holy Carpet of the Mosque of Ardebil: Persian, sixteenth century

Sketch to illustrate Treatment of Borders in a Persian Rug

Arras Tapestry: Diagrams to show the Principle of Working and Surface Effect

Contrasting Surfaces in Warp and Weft in Woven Silk Hanging

Indian printed Cotton Cover: South Kensington Museum

Stained Glass Treatment: Inclosure of Form and Colour by Lead Lines

Sketch to show Effect of the same Colour and Form upon different Coloured Grounds

Principle of the Effect of the Blending or Blurring of Colours at their Edges

Use of Black and White Outline to clear the Edges of Coloured Forms upon different Coloured Ground

J. Van Eyck: Portrait of J. Arnolfini and his Wife

Ver Meer of Delft: Lady at a Spinet

Botticelli: The Nativity

Holbein: The Ambassadors

Botticelli: Madonna and Child

Crivelli: The Annunciation

Perugino: The Virgin in Adoration with St. Michael and St. Raphael, and Tobias

Titian: Bacchus and Ariadne

Madox Brown: Christ Washing St. Peter's Feet