Sir Richard Francis Burton, 1821-1890
Biographical note
Explorer and scholar, son of an officer in the army, was born at Barham House, Herts, and after a somewhat desultory education abroad as well as at home, entered upon a life of travel, adventure, and military and civil service in almost every quarter of the world, including India, Africa, the nearer East, and North and South America, in the course of which he mastered 35 languages. As an official his masterful ways and spirit of adventure frequently brought him into collision with superior powers, by whom he not seldom considered himself ill-used. He was the author of upwards of 50 books on a great variety of subjects, including travels, novels, and translations, among which are Personal Narrative of a Journey to Mecca [1855], First Footprints in East Africa [1856], Lake Regions of Equatorial Africa [1860], The Nile Basin, a translation and life of Camoens, an absolutely literal translation of the Arabian Nights, with notes and commentaries, of which his accomplished wife published an expurgated edition. Lady B., who was the companion of his travels after 1861, also wrote books on Syria, Arabia, and other eastern countries, as well as a life of her husband, a number of whose manuscripts she destroyed.
[From A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature by John W. Cousin, 1910]
See also ...
- The Life of Sir Richard Burton, by Thomas Wright
- The Romance of Lady Isabel Burton : the story of her life / told in part by herself and in part by W.H. Wilkins.
Works
Travel and exploration
- Goa, and the Blue Mountains; or Six
months of sick leave [1851]
- Scinde; or, The Unhappy Valley. (2 vols.) [1851] v.1 ; v.2
- Sindh, and the Races that Inhabit the Valley of the Indus; With Notices of the Topography and History of the Province. [1851]
- Falconry in the Valley of the Indus. [1852]
- Personal narrative of a pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah [3 vols. 1855-6; 2nd edition, 1857; 3rd edition, 1879]
- First footsteps in East Africa; or, an exploration of Harar [1856]
- The lake regions of Central Africa : a picture of exploration [1860]
- The City of the saints, and across the Rocky mountains to California [1862]
- The prairie traveler : a hand-book for overland expeditions : with illustrations, and intineraries of the principal routes between the Mississippi and the Pacific, and a map / Randolph Barnes Marcy; edited (with notes) by Richard F. Burton [1863]
- Abeokuta and the Camaroons Mountains : an exploration [1863]
- Wanderings in West Africa, From Liverpool to Fernando Po, "by a F.R.G.S." (2 vols.) [1863] v.1; v.2
- A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome, With Notices of the So-called "Amazons," the Grand Customs, the Yearly Customs, the Human Sacrifices, the Present State of the Slave Trade, and the Negro's Place in Nature. (2 vols.) [1864] v.1; v.2
- The Nile Basin. Part I. Showing Tanganyika to be Ptolemy's Western Lake Reservoir. A Memoir read before the Royal Geographic Society, November 14 [1864]. With Prefatory Remarks, by Richard F. Burton. Part II. Captain Speke's Discovery of the Source of the Nile. A Review. By James M'Queen... London [1864]
- Wit and wisdom from West Africa; or, A Book of Proverbial Philsophy, Idioms, Enigmas, and Laconisms. Compiled by Richard F. Burton ... London [1865]
- The Guide-book. A Pictorial Pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina. Including Some of the More Remarkable Incidents in the Life of Mohammed, the Arab Lawgiver ... [1865]
- Explorations of the highlands of the Brazil; with a full account of the gold and diamond mines. Also, canoeing down 1500 miles of the great river São Francisco, from Sabará to the sea [1869] v.1; v.2
- Letters from the battle-fields of Paraguay [1870]
- Unexplored Syria : visits to the Libanus, the Tulúl el Safá, the Anti-Libanus, the northern Libanus, and the Aláh / with Charles F. Tyrwhitt Drake [1872] v.1; v.2
- Zanzibar: city, island, and coast [1872]
- The lands of Cazembe : Lacerda's journey to Cazembe in 1798 / translated and Annotated by Captain R.F. Burton [1873]
- Ultima Thule; or a Summer in Iceland. 2 vols. [1875] v.1; v.2
- Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the Congo [1876]
- Sind revisited; with notices of the Anglo-Indian Army; railroads; past, present, and future, etc. (2 vols.) London [1877] v.1 ; v.2
- The gold-mines of Midian and the ruined Midianite cities. A fortnight's tour in north-western Arabia [1878]
- The Land of Midian (revisited) [1879]
- To the Gold Coast for Gold. A Personal Narrative by Richard F. Burton and Verney Lovett Cameron. (2 vols.) [1883] v.1; v.2
- Marocco and the Moors: Being an account of Travels, with a General Description of the Country and Its People. By Arthur Leared. Second edition, revised and edited by Sir Richard Burton, [posthumous publication, 1891]
- Wanderings in three continents, by the Late Captain Sir Richard F. Burton, edited with a preface by W. H. Wilkins, London [posthumous publication, 1901]
Translations
- Vikram and the Vampire : Classic Hindu Tales of Adventure, Magic, and Romance / illustrated by Ernest Griset [1870][Adapted from the Baital Pachisi.]
- The Kasîdah of Hâjî Abdû el-Yezdî; a Lay of the Higher Law Translated and Annotated By His Friend and Pupil F.B. [1880]
- Os Lusiadas (The Lusiads): Englished by Richard Francis Burton.: (2 vols.) (edited by Isabel Burton.) [1880] v.1; v.2
- Camoens: His Life and His Lusiads. A Commentary by Richard F. Burton. (2 vols.) [1881] v.1; v.2
- The lyricks [of] Camoens; sonnets, canzons, odes and sextines. Englished by Richard F. Burton [1884]
- The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana ... With a Preface and Introduction. [1884]
Printed for the Hindoo Kama Shastra Society (This was translated by Richard F. Burton and F.F. Arbuthnot.) - Ananga Ranga; (Stage of the Bodiless One)
or, The Hindu Art of Love. (Ars Amoris Indica). Translated from the Sanskrit, and Annotated by A.F.F. & B.F.R....
for the Kama Shastra Society of London and Benares, and for private circulation only. [1885]
(This volume, translated by Richard F. Burton and F. F. Arbuthnot, was first issued in 1873 under the title Kama-Shastra or The Hindoo Art of Love (Ars Amoris Indica) ..., and privately printed. But after printing four or six copies the printers became alarmed and refused to print more for fear of prosecution.) - The Book of The Thousand Nights And A Night; a plain and literal translation of the Arabian Nights Entertainments. With an introduction and explanatory notes on the manners and customs of Moslem men and a terminal essay upon the history of the Nights. [1885-88]
- The Arabian Nights' Entertainments (Alf laylah wa laylah)
- Manuel de Moraes : a chronicle of the seventeenth century / J. M. Pereira da Silva; translated by Richard F. and Isabel Burton [1886]
- The Perfumed Garden of the Cheikh Nefzaoui, A Manual of Arabian
Erotology (XVI. Century). Revised and Corrected Translation, for the Kama Shastra Society of London and Benares, and
for Private circulation only [1886]
(This was translated from the French by Richard F. Burton. Two printings were exhausted in 1886; Burton was working on an enlarged and annotated version and translating from the original Arabic, when he died. This version his wife burned.) - The Beharistan (Abode of
Spring) By Jami, A Literal translation from the Persian. Printed by the Kama Shastra Society for Private Subscribers
only. [1887]
(This was translated by Edward Rehatsek, but Burton seems to have supervised the editing.) - The Gulistan or Rose Garden of Sa'di. Faithfully Translated Into English. Printed by the Kama Shastra Society for Private Subscribers only. [1888] (This too was translated by Edward Rehatsek, with Burton supervising the editing.)
- Priapeia or the Sportive Epigrams
fo divers Poets on Priapus: the Latin Text now for the first time Englished in Verse and Prose (the Metrical Version by
"Ouidanos") with an Introduction, Notes Explanatory and Illustrative, Excursus, by "Neaniskos". [1890]
(Burton is responsible for the translation into poetry; the remainder of the volume seems to be largely the work of his collaborator, Leonard Smithers. - Il Pentamerone; or, the Tale of Tales. Being a Translation by the Late Sir Richard Burton ... London [posthumous publication, 1893] v.1 ; v.2
- The Carmina of Caius Valerius Catullus, now first completely Englished into verse and prose, the metrical part by Capt. Sir Richard F. Burton ... and the prose portion, introduction, and notes explanatory and illustrative by Leonard C. Smithers. London [posthumous publication, 1894]
- The Carmina of Caius Valerius Catullus ... [posthumous publication, 1894]
Other works
- Grammar of the Jataki or Belochi Dialect. (Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.) 1849.
- Remarks on Dr. Dorn’s Chrestomathy of the Afghan Tongue. (Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.) 1849.
- Reports addressed to the Bombay Government. (1.) General Notes on Sind. (2.) Notes on the Population of Sind.
- Grammar of the Mooltanee Language.
- A Complete System of Bayonet Exercise. [1853]
- Stone Talk ... Being Some of the Marvellous Sayings of a Petral Portion Fleet Street, London, to One Doctor Polyglott, Ph.D., by Frank Baker, D.O.N. [1865]
- The Captivity of Hans Stade of Hesse, in A.D. 1547-1555, Among the Wild Tribes of Eastern Brazil. Translated by Albert Tootal ... and Annotated by Richard F. Burton. London [1874]
- Etruscan Bologna: a study [1876]
- A New System of Sword Exercise for Infantry. London [1876]
- The Ogham-runes and El-Mushajjar : a
study [1879]
Reprinted from the Trans. Roy. Soc. of Literature, Vol. XII, Part 1, 1879 - A Glance at the "Passion-Play". London [1881]
- The book of the sword / [1884]
- The Jew; The gypsy and El Islam / The Jew, The Gypsy, and El Islam, By the Late Captain Sir Richard Burton... edited with a preface and brief notes by W. H. Wilkins, [posthumous publication, 1898]


